碰到需要调用操作系统shell命令的时候，Ruby为我们提供了六种完成任务的方法：

    Kernel#exec方法通过调用指定的命令取代当前进程：

 

 

 $ irb            
  >> system 'echo "hello $HOSTNAME"'
  hello nate.local
  => true
  >> system 'false'
  => false
  >> puts $?
  256
  => nil
  >>
3.反引号（Backticks，Esc键下面那个键）

$ irb
  >> today = `date`
  => "Mon Mar 12 18:15:35 PDT 2007n"
  >> $?
  => #<Process::Status: pid=25827,exited(0)>
  >> $?.to_i
  => 0
这种方法是最普遍的用法了。它也是运行在一个子shell中。

  $ irb
  >> IO.popen("date") { |f| puts f.gets }
  Mon Mar 12 18:58:56 PDT 2007
  => nil
5.open3#popen3

$ irb
  >> stdin, stdout, stderr = Open3.popen3('dc')
  => [#<IO:0x6e5474>, #<IO:0x6e5438>, #<IO:0x6e53d4>]
  >> stdin.puts(5)
  => nil
  >> stdin.puts(10)
  => nil
  >> stdin.puts("+")
  => nil
  >> stdin.puts("p")
  => nil
  >> stdout.gets
  => "15n"

$ irb
  >> require "open4"
  => true
  >> pid, stdin, stdout, stderr = Open4::popen4 "false"
  => [26327, #<IO:0x6dff24>, #<IO:0x6dfee8>, #<IO:0x6dfe84>]
  >> $?
  => nil
  >> pid
  => 26327
  >> ignored, status = Process::waitpid2 pid
  => [26327, #<Process::Status: pid=26327,exited(1)>]
  >> status.to_i
  => 256